Genel-006-Emaye enameling

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kaynak: crucible.org  -  Art of enameling types and techniques

Definition: 

Process by wich powdered glass is fused to a metal substrate at high heat (900C)

Enamel can be applied to glass, ceramics and most commonly metals

Metals can be: 

• copper, 
• silver, 
• gold, 
• brass 
• with very low zinc
• zinc is the ennemy of enamel
• Low or no carbon steel

Process of firing

The firing temperatur using a torch or kiln must be generally in the the range of 760-900C

Common types

There are around 200 different techniques

Cloisonné

Fill small wire enclosures with with wetted enamel particles

Grisaille

It achieves a dramatic effect of light and shade

It consists of application of white enamel to a black enamel background, creating halftones and shading.

Champlevé

The metal`s surface is embossed by hammering. stamping or carving to form depressions on which enamel is applied.

Limoges

It is a way to work the enamel into fine paintings

Pique a jour

Enamel is applied into cells made of gold or silver wire similar to cloisonné, but with no metal backings, so that light can shine through enamel.

Experimental enameling

Fred Ball, 1970`s "experimental techniques in enameling"

Non artistic application of enameling

It is a quality method of strengthening materials and preventing metals from rusting

• water heaters: inside protective coat
• cast iron enameled? bath tube, sink
• kitchen: plate-wave, mugs, cookware
• road signs
• public art

Learning

• Crucible   >$300
• Rio Grande
• equipment
• techniques
• GIA: Gemological institute of America
• The enameling societ
• biennal exhibitionand and conference
• weekly online education talks

FAQ

• Melting point
• Silica-1700C
• Copper-1080C (electrolitic 99% pure)
• Gold-1060C
• Silver-960C

Glass is made out of silica which is found in nature as quartz. So silica melts at a much higher temperature than the metals.

We add these to silica to lower the melting point. The materials added to do this are called fluxes: boron->borosilicate glass

Other materials make the glass more stable, insoluble, modulate viscosity, arrange the coefficient of expansion.

Things changing glass`s opacity and colour are metal oxides.

To manufacture enamel, these elements are melted together in a furnace to produce what is called FRIT

The most dangerous part of the enamel process is done in factories

other sources: jewellersacademy.com